Free Essays on Interest Groups

Interest Groups Interest groups are a group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs, and/or objectives who have formed a formal organization to serve specific common interests of the membership. Examples of interest groups would include such disparate organizations as the Auburn Chamber of Commerce, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the elementary school P.T.A., the Teamsters Union, the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Numismatics Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Brangus Breeders Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Cosa Nostra, and the Benevolent Order of Elks. Interest groups typically have formal admission to membership, dues, elected officers, by-laws and regular meetings, and they often provide information and regular opportunities for communication through newsletters or magazines, sponsor recreational or educational activities, organize volunteer public service projects, make deals for g roup discounts or group insurance and so on. Larger interest group organizations may have full-time paid officers or professional staff to manage and to supplement the efforts of member-volunteers in furthering the work of the organization. Many interest groups at least occasionally engage in some form of lobbying or other political activities with respect to issues that touch directly on the common interests that are the organization's reason for being for example, the PTA may organize support for a bond issue election to pay for erecting a new school building. Some interest groups have political activity as their principal or only reason for being in the first place. Interest groups that exist primarily for exerting political influence as a means of affecting government policies or legislation are often referred to by the narrower term pressure groups. Since more and more activities have become politicized with the expansion of... Free Essays on Interest Groups Free Essays on Interest Groups Interest Groups Interest groups are a group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs, and/or objectives who have formed a formal organization to serve specific common interests of the membership. Examples of interest groups would include such disparate organizations as the Auburn Chamber of Commerce, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the elementary school P.T.A., the Teamsters Union, the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Numismatics Association, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Brangus Breeders Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Cosa Nostra, and the Benevolent Order of Elks. Interest groups typically have formal admission to membership, dues, elected officers, by-laws and regular meetings, and they often provide information and regular opportunities for communication through newsletters or magazines, sponsor recreational or educational activities, organize volunteer public service projects, make deals for g roup discounts or group insurance and so on. Larger interest group organizations may have full-time paid officers or professional staff to manage and to supplement the efforts of member-volunteers in furthering the work of the organization. Many interest groups at least occasionally engage in some form of lobbying or other political activities with respect to issues that touch directly on the common interests that are the organization's reason for being for example, the PTA may organize support for a bond issue election to pay for erecting a new school building. Some interest groups have political activity as their principal or only reason for being in the first place. Interest groups that exist primarily for exerting political influence as a means of affecting government policies or legislation are often referred to by the narrower term pressure groups. Since more and more activities have become politicized with the expansion of...

The Decline of the Olmec Civilization

The Decline of the Olmec Civilization The Olmec culture was Mesoamericas first great civilization. It thrived along Mexicos Gulf coast from approximately 1200 - 400 B.C. and is considered the mother culture of societies that came later, such as the Maya and Aztec. Many of the intellectual accomplishments of the Olmec, such as a writing system and calendar, were eventually adapted and improved by these other cultures. Around 400 B.C. the great Olmec city of La Venta went into decline, taking the Olmec Classic era with it. Because this civilization declined two thousand years before the arrival of the first Europeans into the region, no one is absolutely certain which factors led to its downfall. What Is Known About the Ancient Olmec The Olmec civilization  was named after the Aztec word for their descendants, who inhabited Olman, or the land of rubber. It is primarily known through  the study of their architecture and stone carvings. Although the Olmec had a writing system of sorts, no Olmec books have survived to modern day. Archaeologists have discovered two great Olmec cities: San Lorenzo and La Venta, in the present-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco respectively. The Olmec were talented stonemasons, who built structures and aqueducts. They were also gifted sculptors, carving stunning colossal heads without the use of metal tools. They had their own religion, with a priest class and at least eight identifiable gods. They were great traders and had connections with contemporary cultures all over Mesoamerica. The End of the Olmec Civilization Two great Olmec cities are known: San Lorenzo and La Venta. These are not the original names the Olmec knew them by: those names have been lost to time. San Lorenzo flourished on a large island in a river from about 1200 to 900 B.C., at which time it went into decline and was replaced in influence by La Venta. Around 400 B.C. La Venta went into decline and was eventually abandoned altogether. With the fall of La Venta came the end of classic Olmec culture. Although the descendants of the Olmecs still lived in the region, the culture itself vanished. The extensive trade networks the Olmecs had used fell apart. Jades, sculptures, and pottery in the Olmec style and with distinctly Olmec motifs were no longer created. What Happened to the Ancient Olmec? Archaeologists are still collecting clues that will unravel the mystery of what caused this mighty civilization to go into decline. It likely was a combination of natural ecological changes and human actions. The Olmecs relied on a handful of crops for their basic sustenance, including maize, squash, and sweet potatoes. Although they had a healthy diet with this limited number of foods, the fact that they relied so heavily on them made them vulnerable to climate changes. For example, a volcanic eruption could coat a region in ash or change the course of a river: such a calamity would have been disastrous to the Olmec people. Less dramatic climate changes, such as a drought, could severely affect their favored crops. Human actions likely played a role as well: warfare between the La Venta Olmecs and any one of a number of local tribes could have contributed to the societys downfall. Internal strife is also a possibility. Other human actions, such as over farming or destroying forests for agriculture could well have played a role as well. Epi-Olmec Culture When the Olmec culture went into decline, it didnt disappear entirely. Rather, it evolved into what historians refer to as Epi-Olmec culture. The Epi-Olmec culture is a link of sorts between the classic Olmec and the Veracruz Culture, which would begin to thrive to the north of the Olmec lands about 500 years later. The most important Epi-Olmec city was Tres Zapotes, Veracruz. Although Tres Zapotes never reached the grandeur of San Lorenzo or La Venta, it nevertheless was the most important city of its time. The people of Tres Zaptoes did not make monumental art on the scale of the olossal heads or the great Olmec thrones, but they nevertheless were great sculptors who left behind many important works of art. They also made great strides forward in writing, astronomy, and calendrics. Sources Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004.

Information Processing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Processing Theory - Essay Example It became vogue in the 1950s when high-speed computers started developing. (Information-Processing Theory, n.d. a) This paper shall try to give a broad overview of Information Processing Theory. But with thousands or perhaps millions of researches, books, and articles published, anyone wishing to find complete information would realize that what this paper has provided is only the tip of the iceberg. There are different but similar forms of information processing theories. Nevertheless, they originated from the works of cognitive psychology, primarily through the works of David Rumelhart & James McClelland and their Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) (History of Cognitive Psychology, 1997) Their PDP model has the following components, and it can be seen later how this fits very well into the Modern Information Processing Theory: (Rumelhart, Hinton, and McClelland, 1986) As stated earlier, information processing theories developed because in the 1950s computers came under increased development. Researchers like Herbert Simoun at that time really thought and properly demonstrated that human intelligence can be simulated using computers. From this, various models of information processing theory have been proposed, primarily in the work on memory (Information-processing theory, n.d. b). â€Å"This theory identifies three important concepts: information processing needs, information processing capability, and the fit between the two to obtain optimal performance. Organizations need quality information to cope with environmental uncertainty and improve their decision making. Environmental uncertainty stems from the complexity of the environment and dynamism, or the frequency of changes to various environmental variables.† (Premkumar, G., Ramamurthy, K., & Saunders, C. S., 2005). Apparently, this has also developed from the original information processing theories. However, this is applied to

Cultural film analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural film analysis - Movie Review Example lls on the early years of culture and education leading to establishment of parochial, monastic and cathedral schools as well as universities of the Middle Ages (Daniel-Rops 5). In the movie, Johanna was the third child of a village priest and a converted heathen wife. The opening scene immediately showed anti-feminist bias, as the father angrily refused herbal medicine to alleviate his wife’s birth pains due to his belief that â€Å"in sorrow, thou (woman) shall give birth.† As she grew up, Johanna was not allowed education since only boys were taught reading and writing. Through self-learning, however, the intellectually gifted Johanna not only showed skill in reading and writing, but in interpreting Latin Bible verses as well. Catching her reading a Greek manuscript, Johanna’s father meted her a brutal lashing, even as he had once grossly raped his wife for teaching Johanna some heathen methods of natural healing. Upon recommendation of an admiring traveling schoolmaster, Johanna gained unprecedented admission to study in the bishop’s schoolhouse for boys. Gerald, a knight in the bishop’s court, provided her a home until she grew to maidenhood, resulting in the jealous wife of Gerald arranging Johanna’s betrothal to a young man against her will. The wedding was cut short by an attack by Norsemen bandits. Historical research shows that the event is reasonable, since there are historical accounts of pagan Norsemen pillaging territories in Frankish empire to add to the disorder of the times (Boak, Slosson and Anderson 180-181). Johanna escaped death by the plundering Norsemen, although she had to disguise herself as a man in order to gain entry in a monastery. As a monk, she saved villagers from an epidemic but had to again escape to avoid disclosure of her disguise by fellow monks. She was cared for by villagers, but not wanting to be tied down to a village life, Johanna to ok a pilgrimage to Rome again disguised as a man. In Rome

Impact of Television Violence on Children Essay Example for Free

Impact of Television Violence on Children Essay These days, we are seeing an increasing amount of violence on television, and this is having a negative impact on children’s behaviour. At present, television plays an important role in everyone’s lives, especially in children’s lives. Television has become a member of almost every single family on our planet. And not just an ordinary member, but a very important one, because the time spent next to it exceeds the amount of time spent together with any other family member. Gone are those days, where children used to watch only ‘Tom and Jerry’, instead they want to watch ‘Power Rangers’, ‘Chota Bheem’, etc. Instead of playing together people prefer to watch an episode from a thriller. The base of the tomorrow’s society – are children today. And on the way they develop depends how are world is going to look like tomorrow. Contemporary parents work a lot, but when they come back home they are not eager to spend time with their child, the consequences of this fact are the following: kids are given to themselves and watch everything they want or TV plays a role of a babysitter. Therefore children learn moral principles from the television, where by the age of 16 they observe 100,000 violent acts and 33,000 murders. Violence on television causes children and teenagers to become less caring, to lose their inhibitions, to become less sensitive, and also may cause violent and aggressive behaviour. In a study on the connection between violence and television done with 1,565 children over a six-year period in London, William Belson, a British psychologist, found that every time a child saw someone being shot or killed on television they became less caring towards other people. William Belson also discovered that every time a child viewed this violence on television, they lost a fragment of their inhibitions towards others. In addition to William Belsons study, other studies did by many scientists and doctors show that seeing violence on television causes children to become less sensitive to the pain of others. Many people believe that children who watch violent television programs exhibit more aggressive behaviour than, that exhibited by children who do not. According to the results of many studies and reports, violence on television can lead to aggressive behaviour in children. Also, when television was introduced into a community of children for the first time, researchers observed a rise in the level of physical and verbal aggression among these children.

Difficult People Essay -- essays research papers

Difficult People Analysis 1. In the beginning-part plot outline, Pyotr is a frustrated youth who strives to balance his financial expenditures to that of the amount of his father's low income. The effort to consume father's pension for Pyotr's schooling creates a serious doubt to the financial security of every member in household. Pyotr's father is a disappointment to the family, his anti-social behavior has subdued the family into a state of fear and panic at the harsh tone of his voice. In the middle-part plot outline, Pyotr now fantasizes about the possibility's of leaving the farm and walking the eighty miles North to Moscow. He would establish a capacity for impunity to the family's grief of a missing son. Pyotr will be inspired by a sole motivation, the relentless three day walk to Moscow. The journey will submit a stream of inevitable consequences as a cause of starvation, frostbite and fatigue, the ability to overcome this torment to the physical appearance would only better saturate the mental ability for perseverance and determination to reach the destination. The final logic of plot that must be explained at the end of the story is Pyotr's confrontation with his guilt-ridden, contemptuous father before he leaves for Moscow. The intent to reconcile father's financial loss is expressed through Pyotr's coaxing rhetoric and judgemental approach to his father's daily attitude at the table. Finally, the room is brightly lit, not by the family's ability to regroup--their affections were a bonfire now--but by a single, dazzling beam of sympathy to Pyotr, when his father says "Good-bye...the money is on the round table." 2. The main conflict of this story is a result of the family's financial status. Father's greed, low income, and Pyotr's frustration are key points to the main conflict. The conflict has plagued Pyotr most, the hallucination of abandoning his family is the main conflict in the story. 3. The nature of conflict is most likely the man vs self "setting". As oppose to a man vs man/machine/nature alternative, man striving ag... ...her's abuse. Pyotr adds depth and perception to the story, he has nothing but contempt for his father's attitude. Stagnation in a family built to destruct, Pyotr must leave the house. 10. The tone of voice is eqaully balanced between Pyotr and his father. The mother has little or nothing to say during a mealtime argument. When Pyotr's mother tells her husband "(Pyotr)... must have money for the journey" the argument sets place and very soon Pyotr's father is screaming "Take everything!...Take it all!...Strangle me!" The ability to immediately subdue the conflict by acknowledging the personal fault of sparking the financial debate goes unnoticed. 11. The dialogue delivers reality to the domestic situation. Pyotr begins "I used to be able to put up with such scenes...but now I have got out of the way of it!" Pyotr's father retorts "...Do you know what you cost me, you scoundrel? I'll turn you out!" This is the most effective scene in the story because Pyotr's father delivers the threat, his wife and daughter bear witness to the intimidation that is aroused by Pyotr's need for money.

Business management

It has a database holding various companies' records specifically job vacancies. Therefore, it matches the qualities required and the candidates' qualifications. BBC, S company structure In any firm, the organizational structure is a vital factor which determines the success and achievement of the set goals. The structure of a company portrays not only the hierarchy of responsibilities in the company but also it defines the division of functions (Allen, 2000). The hierarchy determines various levels of personnel in the organization.The main role of the hierarchy is to substantiate the person or groups of persons responsible for the development of the company's vision and their tasks in pursuit of the session aimed at achieving the set goals (Bassett, 2004). On the other hand, the division of roles amongst the workers places each employee in the most efficient position viable for maximum production. BBC Company is made up of various positions. The main positions include the managing D irector, business development manager, recruitment manager and the support stuff which include the accountants, legal officers and the technical personnel.Abs's organization Chart I. Managing Director The managing director is the overall supervisor. He oversees the entire operation of the company. Some of the primary duties of the managing director are to supervise the general operation of the company, coordinates the financial management tasks and also initiate the development ideologies important for the achievement of the mission, vision and objectives (Shoehorning, 2013). Ii. Development Manager The development manager works in coordination with the marketers in order to bring the clients.The development manager is responsible for the initiation of the strategies required for creation of health network with the clients (Smith,2003). However, he is under the managing director. Iii. Recruitment Manager The recruitment manager works closely with the development manager. While the d evelopment manager markets the company and brings in the clients, the recruitment manager is responsible for the verification of the clients' qualification to find the potential candidates for particular available job vacancies. He also sets the recruitment conditions and standards. Additionally, he develops the recruitment goals (Steen, 2006).The recruitment manager takes instructions from the managing director. Iv. Support Staff The management team cannot operate without the support staff. For the ease of the BBC Company, the support staff includes the accountants, the Technical personnel and the legal officers. The role of the legal officer is to ensure that the recruitment contracts are in accordance with the relevant legislations. The technical persons are responsible for maintenance of proper computer networks and development of more efficient management systems. The accountants are responsible for the maintenance of financial records and provide the statements when required.T he support staffs receives instructions from the managers. BBC Company's Objectives The company's main objectives include; . Increase the number of the clients. Ii. Improve the service delivery. Iii. Satisfy the client needs to the fullest. Mission To be the leading recruitment company globally and which inclines its efforts towards satisfying the clients. Process Map for clients' recruitment Plan to Ensure Legal, Regulatory and Ethical Objectives The company needs proper plan which ensures consistency in legal, regulatory and ethical objectives in its operation. The plan is as follows I.The management should review the business contracts and other legal documents to find their validity and compatibility with the state laws. I. The company's operation to be conducted in accordance with the state law. Iii. The recruitment exercise must never subject any client to any form of injustice. Iv. The management to seek to have feedback from the clients on the quality of service delivery. Re commendation on Alignment of manpower and available resources Using SMART. SMART is an acronym which refers to Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely. This provides the guideline for setting up the objectives. S: Specific.The desired goals and objectives by the organization should be specific. For instance, the management should be specific on the type of qualification required when recruiting the clients. M: Measurable: The management should establish concrete methodology used to measure progress towards achievement of the desired goals. For instance, the organization should ask itself how many available job vacancies are available against particular number of candidates. A: Attainable: The objectives should be within the reach especially in terms of available resources for instance, finance. R: Realistic: The goals or objectives must be within the capability.The company can fail if it Sets Very high objectives and goals which are never attainable. In regard to this , the company needs to consider the available resources and their efficiency to enable the achievement of the desired goals. T: Timely: Any goal is bound to a specific timeshare. This determines the time required for a goal to be attained. The availability of resources and their alignment enables timely attainment of the goals. The BBC Company New System. Considering the weaknesses associated with the current system, a new system is implemented which is more efficient and ensures SMART attainment of the set goals.The previous system was associated with poor uncial management, slow service delivery and generally poor leadership. Therefore, the new systems are as follow. Service Delivery system: A new digital system is put in place to enable service delivery in the shortest time possible. With this system, the clients have to deliver their academic and personal documents are delivered to the company's website via the Internet. The recruitment officers' access the documents, verify the ir originality, test the qualification and communicate to the applicant online.Therefore, the applicants do not have to appear at the company offices in person. Digital ATA management system: The new management system is deployed which is used to manage data in the most convenient way. This system minimizes human error and also saves time when retrieving information because the officers do not have to go through big files in search of records. Payment system: There is no more cash payment, rather, the clients make payment directly to the company s account and deliver the bank payment slips.This minimizes corruption where money gets lost in the hands of the officers. Work activities meeting operational plan Planning: This activity involves outlining objectives, and setting the prospected results. The techniques for achievement are also outlined under this activity. Organizing: organization of the BBC Company is crucial because it enables establishment of the structures and systems in which the activities are arranged and coordinated based on the particular plans and objectives. Staffing: this activity involves accomplishment of the personnel functions.The functions involve selection and training the staff members and also maintenance of proper and favorable conditions for work (Personnel management function, 1993). Directing: Directing is done by the managers and it involves embodying decision making through instructions. This activity is done in line with the set operational plan. Coordinating: coordination is an activity which is aimed at inter-relating the various activities undertaken within the organization. For instance, it inter-relates the highly ranked managers and the support staff. Reporting: Reporting is one of the tools important for ensuring quality checks.This involves making the various organs which include the shareholders, managers, the public, clients, us pliers and others informed regarding the progress of the organization. Budgeting: budget ing refers to the setting of financial plans, financial management control, keeping of financial records and also ensuring that the cost is in line with the set goals and objectives. Quality Management Systems Quality management systems refer to the techniques employed to enable proper communication between the manager and the employees concerning the quality of service to be delivered to the clients (Quality management systems, 2008).The employees are kept in check to deliver services in accordance to the set standard specifications. Quality management system design. Below are the steps important for designing of the quality management system. I. Studying and Understanding the current organizational structure and the associated processes. This involves studying the environment, the competitive level and others. Ii. Development of performance priorities. The BBC performance priorities are in line with shareholders and other stakeholders' expectations and desires. This is done before the action design is done. Iii.Development Of performance indicators. The measurement Of every department's performance enables tracking of the general performance of the organization. In this case, the top-down approach meets the bottom-up approach. Iv. Collection of the required data. This involves the calculation of the performance indicators. V. Designing reporting and performance data representation formats. This step involves the decision on how the data is presented to the end users. It also entails how the users provide the feedback for management, monitoring and improvement purposes based on the data provided. Vi.Testing and adjusting the performance measurement system. This step involves improvement of the previous performance system based on the feedback from the users. All elements working in unplanned manner are adjusted to enhance desired level of performance. Vii. Implementation of the system. This is the final step after designing the quality management system of BB C recruiting company. This is where the system is officially launched and put in use for the entire organization operation. The implementation stage involves the managing the user access, training of the users and also the demonstration of the system operation.The system designing process can be presented in chart as follows Quality culture to ensure continuous monitoring ,evaluation and development of process Demonstration of culture is a vital exercise in the organization. This can be demonstrated as follows; I. Leadership emphasis Managers in BBC Recruitment Company must understand that the basis of leadership is quality. The key objective worked on is to promote quality service delivery in the most efficient and faster way. Ii. Maintaining a leadership emphasis on quality. In any case, there are always gaps between what the managers advocate for and what they do.Therefore, awareness about the gaps must be made obvious to the employees. Additionally, the managers and executive di rectors must demonstrate commitment towards promotion of the quality service delivery. Iii. Ensuring message credibility. The messages provided by the company regarding the quality of services just be realistic and trusted. Credibility Of message earns the company clients loyalty. Credibility of messages is one of the legal and ethical conditions that the company must observe and practice. Iv. Encouraging peer involvement. Exercising peer engagement in the organization is a crucial balancing of act.Showing little support by the managers leads to loss of important opportunities. Therefore, they should be fully involved in activities. The managers also can consider important printing materials such as burners in the working place reminding the employees on the importance and needs to deliver quality service. The workers also should be motivated on their good performances (Purposive, 2006). Recommendation on the improvements The Abs's current system is associated with various weaknesse s which have led to complain from the clients. The complaints are centered on poor leadership which has resulted to a lot of deficits within the company.Therefore, changes must be recommended in order to improve the service delivery as stipulated in the organizations, objectives and set goals. The recommendations are as follows. I. The company must ensure employing qualified managers and other persons in charge of various positions in order o improve the productivity especially the top most positions. For instance, the operation managers must have full knowledge and skills on how to pursue the various roles relevant to their positions. The managers must be well equipped with skills for initiation of valid ideologies important for the development of the company.Unqualified personnel are liabilities within the company since they earn a lot and produce less hence earn the company a lot of deficits. Ii. Proper marketing strategies must be put in place in order to increase the number of clients who are the main source of revenues to the company (Lick, 1999). The main cause of the deficits in the company is that the company spends a lot and the returns from the clients are minimal because of the small number of clients. Iii. The company should adopt the modern system of service delivery which speeds up the process. This will ensures timely service delivery to the clients.The manual systems are time consuming and also never efficient in handling large number of clients. The modern system, probably the digital systems ensures quality service delivery. Iv. Also, the other reason for the deficits within the organization is corruption amongst the managers and other officers. There should be a proper monitoring system which ensures frequent generation of financial records in order to trace the revenues and the expenditure. Also electronic mode of payment and banking should be embraced unlike the manual handling of money which provides opportunities to some corrupt workers to steal and misappropriate funds. . Also, legal and ethical values should be observed in the company's processes in order to remain relevant to the state and client expectation. Unethical operation makes the clients develop negative attitude towards the company hence underperformed. Report on the implication of he proposed changes The proposed changes are of great importance to the company. BBC Company is under crisis under its current management system. Qualified Personnel Qualification in any relevant position is very important since it ensures maximum productivity.Any position, irrespective of its level within the company is associated with particular skills. These skills are the key resources for productivity. It is also important to match one's qualification with the relevant job category. Operating in one's level of expertise ensures quality and improved level of performances. Therefore, it is worth important o ensure that the roles in BBC company are allocated considering t he qualifications of the workers. Taking an example of the operation managers, they are tasked with management of the processes within the company.Therefore, they are required to be skilled on the relevant processes being undertaken and also possess techniques of aligning the available resources to their tasks to ensure maximum productivity (Product liability,ND). Proper marketing strategies Marketing is the key factor that fascinates the clients to seek services with the BBC Company. There are various other companies providing the name recruitment services and the company is tasked to strategies the best ideas that can make them develop competitive advantages over the others.There are various ways for marketing which include making advertisement via radios, televisions, social media such as faceable and also using marketing agents who make direct contact with the clients (Foss, 2012).. Develop financial monitoring system Corruption and misappropriation of funds within the organizat ion is one of the worst practices that can kill the general development. Therefore, the company must put in place monitoring system which includes safe moment mode which includes direct banking by the clients on registration and frequent generation of the financial records which enables tracing of revenues and expenditure.Modern service Delivery system The modern digital service delivery system is very crucial at the current generation since it is very convenient and safes time. The client may not even need to appear to the company registration premises rather he or she may need to make online application and the records are delivered directly to the company's portals for verification and approval is communicated to the client via email or phone. Also, the digital mode of keeping records is important because it ensure easy retrieval of the same when required (Davis, 1993).The record keepers waste a lot of time accessing records saved in hard copy files. Proper legal and ethical valu es Legal and ethical values are very crucial factors in general processes in the company. They ensure relevance with the client and state expectation (Cross,2007). Risk Assessment Working with BBC Company is associated with some risks. Computer operators within the company suffer risk of developing computer syndrome. Long term use of computer leads to complication which includes eye implication and also the long term effects may be cancer due to exposure to Radiant from the cathode ray tube screens.Also, the field marketers suffer risks of getting indulged in accidents such as road accidents because they travel almost daily. Also, the buildings are under risk of catching fire because of heat generated by heavy machines used for instance, the generators. Demonstration Health and safety regulations To minimize the risks, the company has set the maximum time one has to work on the computer probably two hours in a day (Design to reduce technical risk, 2007). This is achieved by employin g sufficient employees who work in shifts.Also, the vehicles used are serviced regularly to ensure that they are in good conditions. Over speeding the company's vehicles are illegal and the company's mechanics have fixed speed governors to all the company vehicles. Additionally, the building has a lot of fire extinguishers which ensures safety in case of fire (LEN Site 200 Risk Management Plans, 2008). Review of BBC Company Health and safety policies Below are some of the company's health and safety policies and regulation; I. It is illegal to spit carelessly within the company. Ii. No smoking in the work place iii.In case of fire, get out of the building as soon as possible through nearby exit and use the available fire extinguishers to fight the fire. Iv. Strangers are not permitted into the company premises unless permitted. V. Make use of the dust pits. Implementation of the health and safety policies. A body is formed to ensure that the health and safety policies are observed b y all. Also the body is responsible for taking legal actions against anyone breaching the policies. The group also conducts the seminars on the important of the observing the safety and healthy policies. Business Management Pandora Medal In terms of risk, uncertainty, and how its managers handled the company's challenges. What Is the current news on this company? The meaning of a business operating under conditions of uncertainty Is the lack of pertinent information and cannot estimate accurately the likelihood of different results of their actions. Pandora media provides internet radio services in the united States. Some of Pander's risks that would lead to the company's probability of success would be the uncertainty at the core of finance.Meaning, even though Pander's music service has grown to 80 million registered users and a database of over 800,000. They still lack to generate sufficient revenue to turn a profit due to the economy. Managers handle the company challenges by modifying its original commitment to the free radio model, offering users an alternative. Listeners who would prefer to skip the advertising have an option to pay $36 per year for ad-free streaming of their music. 2) What effec ts does time pressure have on your decision making?In what ways do you handle It well and not so well? The effect time pressure has on an Individual loud be the use of proper time management. For example. Your boss need you to pick up the slack for someone who took a sick leave you have their work as well as your. The best way to handle the situation is organization. Being able to accomplish doing your work and theirs without falling behind. I had a situation were I was on call working a IT position that required me to monitor a server for a fortune 500 level company.Hardware needed to be repaired overnight. Time management was key because I knew that if I got paged late at night I would have to prepare time to work he issue as well as has have enough sleep to work the next day. 3) Recall a recent decision that you had difficulty making. Describe it In terms of the characterless of managerial decisions. I can recall a situation working for IBM as a storage admit working a seventy Is sue on a hardware server some ports failed causing failure to the internet between our service and their company.I had to call a IT in another state where the company was located to schedule time to repair the problem. I designed an Microsoft excel design plan that needed to be approved by y manager in order to processed in resolving the issue. Being new to the company I took a lot of sufficient notes in order to be successful. This improved my personal growth within the company helping me design the plan for reviews and get approved by my 1st line manager for the process.I also had to use my networking skills by listening and asking my co-workers if I needed answers. This is were my programmed decision were critical when It came to dealing with technology. 4) What do you think are some advantages and disadvantages to using computer technology In decision making? The advantages of technology are the Improvement of company relative cost. Also the company's overall business strategy m eaning the important technologies to reinforce the company's competitive position.The disadvantages of using computer technology are failure of hardware and software that is purchased by a company. Also having outdated technology that causes problems to compete with other companies as well as performance issues on company projects. 5) Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a group to make decisions. Give examples from your experience. The advantages of using group sections for business project would help give better perspective of the work.Also the ability to use ready-made solutions or custom made solutions between the experience and non-experienced members of your group. For example, if you work in a pool environment for a company the advantage would be networking with your time to improve your skills for your Job position. The only disadvantage is someone in your group lacks the ability to perform at the level of the group members in order to successful finis h work. Or a uncertain team member not being optimistic about the causing the group to fail. Business Management Pandora Medal In terms of risk, uncertainty, and how its managers handled the company's challenges. What Is the current news on this company? The meaning of a business operating under conditions of uncertainty Is the lack of pertinent information and cannot estimate accurately the likelihood of different results of their actions. Pandora media provides internet radio services in the united States. Some of Pander's risks that would lead to the company's probability of success would be the uncertainty at the core of finance.Meaning, even though Pander's music service has grown to 80 million registered users and a database of over 800,000. They still lack to generate sufficient revenue to turn a profit due to the economy. Managers handle the company challenges by modifying its original commitment to the free radio model, offering users an alternative. Listeners who would prefer to skip the advertising have an option to pay $36 per year for ad-free streaming of their music. 2) What effec ts does time pressure have on your decision making?In what ways do you handle It well and not so well? The effect time pressure has on an Individual loud be the use of proper time management. For example. Your boss need you to pick up the slack for someone who took a sick leave you have their work as well as your. The best way to handle the situation is organization. Being able to accomplish doing your work and theirs without falling behind. I had a situation were I was on call working a IT position that required me to monitor a server for a fortune 500 level company.Hardware needed to be repaired overnight. Time management was key because I knew that if I got paged late at night I would have to prepare time to work he issue as well as has have enough sleep to work the next day. 3) Recall a recent decision that you had difficulty making. Describe it In terms of the characterless of managerial decisions. I can recall a situation working for IBM as a storage admit working a seventy Is sue on a hardware server some ports failed causing failure to the internet between our service and their company.I had to call a IT in another state where the company was located to schedule time to repair the problem. I designed an Microsoft excel design plan that needed to be approved by y manager in order to processed in resolving the issue. Being new to the company I took a lot of sufficient notes in order to be successful. This improved my personal growth within the company helping me design the plan for reviews and get approved by my 1st line manager for the process.I also had to use my networking skills by listening and asking my co-workers if I needed answers. This is were my programmed decision were critical when It came to dealing with technology. 4) What do you think are some advantages and disadvantages to using computer technology In decision making? The advantages of technology are the Improvement of company relative cost. Also the company's overall business strategy m eaning the important technologies to reinforce the company's competitive position.The disadvantages of using computer technology are failure of hardware and software that is purchased by a company. Also having outdated technology that causes problems to compete with other companies as well as performance issues on company projects. 5) Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a group to make decisions. Give examples from your experience. The advantages of using group sections for business project would help give better perspective of the work.Also the ability to use ready-made solutions or custom made solutions between the experience and non-experienced members of your group. For example, if you work in a pool environment for a company the advantage would be networking with your time to improve your skills for your Job position. The only disadvantage is someone in your group lacks the ability to perform at the level of the group members in order to successful finis h work. Or a uncertain team member not being optimistic about the causing the group to fail.

Academic performance Essay

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Learning performance talks about how do the student is accomplishing his or her duties,responsibilities and studies. There are some factors that determine the status and the rate of students. Learning performanceis what you have shown you can do in a certain subject. Ability is a talent,skills or proficiency in a particular area. It is what you can do, given ideal circumtance.You can think of it as being internal and hidden untilyou show what what you can do with your performance. Performance is the execution of an action,something accomplished. It is external and what people see. For example,someone that freaks out when they have graded recitation may bomb it and have poor performance, even though they knew the material and had the ability to do the graded recitation if they hadn’t been so nervous. The term â€Å"Learning† is given a range of meaning. In everyday talk, media and television it is rarely used. When it is, it usually implies â€Å"being taught†. In the world of education learning may be used a lot, but on closer inspection the term can be standing in for distinctly different processes such as teaching, producing,performing according to certain criteria, and so on. And in classroom it is rarely heard. Learning achievement or learning performance is the outcome of education, the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has acchieved their education goals. Learning achievement is commonly measured by examinations or continuous assesment but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested on which aspect are most impotant procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts. Learning performance refers to how student deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers. It is the ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate your knowledge verbally or down on paper. *According to researh,a review of devlopments across the 20th century highlighted that learning is now seen as change in knowledge occuring through a process of knowledge construction in which the social context of learning is important 1.Learner differences and contextual differences are both shown to be influential. Studies of the social context of learning have helped us see that understanding is a shared phenomenon that learning may usefully be seen as joining a knowledge community, and that much learning remains very  specific to the social situation in which it was originally learned2. In every school and every classroom, views of learning are present, even if they remain implicit. The long standing culture of classroom is : teaching is telling, learning is listening. Knowledge is subject matter taught by teachers and found in books3.This does not accord with evidence from research. But it will inhabit classroom life unless there is clear action to counter it. And there is important research showing that classroom can create a better view.In the meaning held by learners themselves, views of learning have become a key focus of research. Studies of adult students have identified a range of learning: Increasing one’s knowledge memorizing and reproducing applying, general rules to particulars understanding, making sense changing the peson4 Effective learners are likely to have a rich conception of learning, along with strengths in what researchers have identified as metacognition, self-monitoring and self-regulation. There are several thing that effect the learning performance of the office administration student. First is financial problem wherein the students are financial capable in supporting their studies and needs. The student don’t have enough money to pay their tuition fees, school projects, photo copies, assignment, and other needs in school.Second is family problems. Family has a big part in students life. It affects their learning performance to catch up the lessons according to their daily lives. Crisis in family is one of the major problem why does the students fail to focus or give their 100% to understand the lessons. Then time management. Most of the students are having difficulties in dividing their time of their academic and non-academic activities, rackets or partime job. This may result to the student a bad performance in school. There times that they missed the classes because of their partime job and other activities.Followed by the student habits, some of tha students don’t read their books and lectures after school hours and didn’t listen in class discuccion because of inproper used of gadgets like cellphones, tablets and ipads so they didn’t understand much the lessons. Next is the student discipline. Some of the students didn’t obey the school policies, rules and  regulations, educational norms and school traditions. Then problem with the professors. Some students don’t want to attend or don’t want to listen to their professors because he or she is boring so that the student become not interested in the lessons, also when the professors are ve ry terror and stressful the student’s vission they found it hard to give their full focus in learning because of the way their professors discipline them. Peer pressure. There are some students skip classes because their friends or classmates influence to just go to malls, playing computer games, drink alcoholic beveranges and other gimmics instead of attending classes. Romantic relationship. The students can’t concentrate studying because they keep on thinking about their problems. The latter sometimes didn’t attend class because of the heartache caused by their boyfriend or girlfriend. They didn’t know how to handle such situations that bring them to fail their subjects. Second to the last thing are facilities and equipments. Most of the equipment and facilities such as rooms, laboratories, chairs, typewritters and computers are not suitable or limited for the population we have in our university. The students can’t concentrate studying because of the noise outside the classroom that usually came from the school quadrangle. They may not acquire the actual knowledge and skills they need. Lastly is educational psychology. It is the study of how the student learnin educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and social psychology of schools as oganizations. Every individual has differences in learning. There are some students who easily underrstand the topic discussed inside the classroom and there are also students who can’t understand the lessons that easy as others can and the problem is they don’t even asking so they totally don’t know what are the lessons discussed. The study of learning performance is for better improvement f office management student performance gaining knowledge. It can enhance the self-esteem of the students to perform well. and enridh their studies. A focus on learning can enhance perfomance, whereas a focus on perfomance (alone) can depress performance. The effects of performance orientation include greater helplessness, reduced help-seeking, less strategy use, more maladaptive strategies and a greater focus on grade feedback. There is an increase strategic behaviour rather than learning behaviour, a focus on looking good rather than learning well, and a tendency  to perceive education as a process of jumping through hoops, rather than something more transferable and lasting. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK This part presents the conceptual framework and problem analysis of the study. The main research question is the thing that are affecting the gaining knowledge performance of the students. Sub topic research question such as financial problems, family problems, time management, problem with the professors, peer pressure, study habits, romantic relationship, student discipline, facilities and equipment and educational psychology have been found to have an effect on student’s learning performance. It affects student learning performance in terms of time demanded and the psychological state they may cause.

Abortion made illegal again essays

Abortion made illegal again essays Thirty-two years after the enactment of Roe versus Wade, abortion remains one of the most painful and controversial subjects in the United States. Of the 2.6 million unintended pregnancies (excluding miscarriages), in the U.S. each year, approximately 1.4 million women terminate their pregnancies by medically safe, legal abortions [1]. Since the legalization of abortion has occurred, deaths from abortions have declined dramatically, with more than half of abortions being performed at or before 8 weeks of pregnancy, decreasing the number of deaths from 0.2 per 100,000 procedures [1]. Abortion is when a woman who is pregnant decides to terminate her pregnancy before the birth of fetus, resulting in the death of the fetus. Women choose to terminate their pregnancies for a variety of reasons from being too young or too old, having enough children and not wanting anymore, or not being able to take care of a child financially. I feel that abortion should stay legal. For myself, I am anti -abortion but with respect to society, I am pro-choice. I think that people should however be informed of the consequences of an abortion before making a final decision. Many Americans will argue that there is a multitude of good reasons that Roe versus Wade should not be overturned. First, those situations where a variety of medical conditions in a pregnancy may have the potential to affect the health of the mother, therapeutic abortions are an option. Therapeutic abortions are also performed in cases to terminate a pregnancy in which the child has severe defects that would make it unlikely to survive. Such was the case with Sherri Finkbine, who in 1962 discovered early in her pregnancy that the drug thalidomide, that she was taking to help her sleep, caused birth defects including missing limbs, and malformed internal organs. She chose to have an abortion but went public before it occurred to warn other women about the effects of the drug. Un ...

Kuwaits Parliamentary Democracy

Kuwait's Parliamentary Democracy Kuwait The Ruling al-Sabah Family The al-Sabah family has been ruling over the region since 1756, when it emerged as the most powerful clan among the al-Utub tribal grouping. The tribe had migrated from the Saudi heartland to escape famine. Unlike other ruling families on the Arab Peninsula, the al-Sabah family didn’t seize power by force so much as accede to it by consensus, in consultation with other clans and tribes. That non-violent, deliberative characteristic has defined Kuwaiti politics for much of the country’s history. Kuwait gained its independence from Britain in June 1961. The 50-seat Assembly was established by Kuwait’s November 1962 constitution. Next to Lebanon’s parliament, it is the longest-serving all-elected legislative body in the Arab world. Up to 15 legislators may serve as both lawmakers and ministers. The emir appoints cabinet members. Parliament does not confirm them, but it can vote no confidence in ministers and veto government decrees. No Parties There are no officially recognized parties in parliament, which has it benefits and drawbacks. On the beneficial side, alliances can be more fluid than in a rigid party system (as anyone familiar with the strictures of party discipline even in the U.S. Congress can attest). So an Islamist might join forces with a liberal on any given issue quite easily. But lack of parties also means lack of strong coalition-building. The dynamics of a parliament of 50 voices are such that legislation is likelier to stall than move forward. Who Gets to Vote and Who Doesnt Suffrage isn’t anywhere near universal, however. Women were given the right to vote and run for office only in 2005. (In the 2009 parliamentary election, 19 women were among the 280 candidates.) The 40,000 members of Kuwait’s armed forces may not vote. And since a 1966 constitutional amendment, naturalized citizens, who account for a considerable portion of Kuwait’s population, may not vote until they’ve been citizens for 30 years, or ever be appointed or elected to any parliamentary, cabinet or municipal post in the country. The country’s Citizenship Law also gives government wide latitude to strip citizenship from naturalized Kuwaitis (as was the case with thousands of Palestinian Kuwaitis following Kuwait’s liberation in 1991 from Iraq’s invasion. The Palestine Liberation Organization had backed Iraq in the war.) Part-Time Democracy: Dissolving Parliament Al-Sanah rulers have dissolved parliament whenever they thought it challenged them too aggressively or legislated too poorly. Parliament was dissolved in 1976-1981, 1986-1992, 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2009. In the 1970s and 1980s, dissolution was followed by long periods of autocratic rule and strictures on the press. In August 1976, for example, the ruling Sheikh Sabah al-Salem al-Sabah dissolved parliament over a dispute between the prime minister (his son, the crown prince) and the legislature, and ended press freedom, ostensibly because of newspaper attacks on Arab regimes. Crown Prince Jaber al-Ahmed al-Sabah, in a bit of a hissy fit, complained in his exit letter that â€Å"cooperation between the executive and the legislative branches is almost absent,† and that deputies were too quick with â€Å"unjust attacks and denunciations against ministers.† Namely, himself. In reality, parliament was dissolved over tension related to the Lebanese civil war, which involved the PLO and other Palestinian factions, and its effects on the large, restive Palestinian population in Kuwait. Parliament wasn’t reconvened until 1981. In 1986, when Sheik Jaber was himself the emir, he dissolved parliament because of instability trigfgered by the Iran-Iraq war and falling oil prices. Kuwaits security, he said on television, â€Å"has been exposed to a fierce foreign conspiracy which threatened lives and almost destroyed the wealth of the homeland.† There was no evidence of any such â€Å"fierce conspiracy.† There was plenty of evidence of repeated and angry clashes between the emir and parliament. (A plan to bomb Kuwait’s oil pipelines was uncovered two weeks before the dissolution.)

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business environment - Essay Example 2009, p. 98). UK house prices have shown strong growth within nominal as well as real terms from since 1998, particularly when contrasted with earlier house price phases. An important justification for this appreciation lays in the development of basic demand issues, most significantly the increase in standard household incomes and the drop in standard mortgage interest rates. This increased both the ability to finance housing and households' capacity to service a bigger mortgage for set earnings. Lessening of mortgage lending limitations as well as a liking prejudice towards home ownership as well appear seem to have supported house price demand, however increasing demand for owner occupied housing further seems to incorporate a major â€Å"quasi speculative† (Andrews?2009, p. 103) component, motivates by beliefs of earlier capital benefits carrying on in the upcoming times. Answer 2: In equilibrium, the rate of renting a home should be equal to the price of owning it and hen ce to the actual client cost of accommodation, this technique represented an asset-pricing approach. Interest rates not just control the debt service price of funding a house acquisition, they as well modify the discount factor for evaluating the return on capital, and hence this should be negatively correlated with house costs. Within the UK effectual mortgage rates drifted downwards considerably during the 1998 and 2007, the phase where house costs goes up on their fastest. The similar downhill drift is marked for estimated mortgage charges, which relate to fresh borrowers. Because of comparatively steady inflation rates all over this phase the paths of nominal as well as actual interest rates â€Å"moved in lockstep† (Andrews?2009, p. 187), so that both the nominal and real weight of mortgage borrowing â€Å"fell in parallel†, decreasing the cost of debt sponsored home ownership for a set levels of earnings as well as house prices. Demand altering aspects, for insta nce, population or income development should be shown in increasing rental fees and house costs if rental fees precisely reveal the accurate expenditure for space, in which case surplus demand for housing facilities need not considerably have an effect on the price-to-rent ratio. Demand alterations linked with income and population growth had formed majority of the upward shift. Answer 3: On its most fundamental level, study of the course of UK house prices should start with a difference amid housing demand and supply, as well as issues deciding alterations in demand and supply. One of the conservative hypothetical structures for modeling house prices is an ‘inverted demand function approach’, whereby house prices are described as a function of the â€Å"physical housing stock, real income and other demand shifters† (Smith & Searle, 2010, p. 166). Changing factors incorporate population increase in addition to other demographic alterations, the ease of use of cre dit, interest rates, as well as likely or delayed appreciation; housing supply is normally â€Å"assumed fixed in the short term† (Smith & Searle, 2010, p. 98), which requires that demand alterations settle on house prices as an interim measure. The key basis of increased quantity demand for housing, that is, the need for further housing units, is alters within the total amount of households, and this will under plausible suppositions is likely to bid up house prices. Expansion in the quantity of households either can be because

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Law - Essay Example (Grant, 1999, p. 1) That refers to the notion that declaratory convention seemed to reduce the inconsistency of legal entities to some states and some non states. However, both conventions ignored critical factors and requirements of legal personality. Instructions as to how, as a practical matter, recognition is to be extended can only be analyzed from the doctrines by implication. The doctrines do not take adequate account of the composite character of the state, ignoring that statehood is probably best described as a bundle of rights, obligations, and functions. And neither doctrine directly addresses where recognition falls along the spectrum between law and politics. While highlighting the needs of the International Community, there is no doubt that the Montevideo formula was drawn up at a time when self-determination was not generally recognized as a 'need' in international law, and when the implications of the nascent rule prohibiting the use of force between states had not been worked out. That makes it even odder to debate the statehood of entities such as Palestine in terms of the Convention's hackneyed formula. (Gill & Talmon, 1999, p. 113) Montevideo Convention gives a satisfactory definition of the state ... (Grant, 1999, p. 3) The central implication of this is that whether or not an entity has become a state depends on the actions of existing states. Recognition by others renders an entity a state; non recognition consigns the entity to non-statehood. Though attributes such as possession of territory, stable power over a defined population, and capacity to respect international agreements are elements of statehood, to the convention these are for nothing in the absence of recognition. Recognition perfects statehood and statehood refers to 'personality'. Moreover, extending or withholding recognition is a political act. In the words of Lauterpacht, "the constitutive conception of statehood deduces the legal existence of new States from the will of those already established". (Grant, 1999, p. 3) With reference to the legal personality, when state consent was taken as an essential ingredient to all international legal rules, a theory of recognition was preferred which did not posit principles binding on all states. The convention minimized the role of law in the recognition of states. With its emphasis on the power of states to invest legal personality in other international communities, convention accented the character of states as free political actors. Following from this, convention implied a world arena absent rights or rules. Regarding the situation, George Schwarzenberger proposed, "New entities which may fulfil the requirements of international persons have no right to recognition". (George, 1951) The declaratory conception of state recognition denies that the act of recognition alone imparts legal personality. The declaratory conception detaches statehood from the unilateral and